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Congress

House Members Ranked by Effectiveness: The CEL Data, July 2026 Roster

Current U.S. House members ranked by their Center for Effective Lawmaking performance in the 118th Congress, the latest scored Congress, with laws enacted as the hard count.

By Timothy E. Parker · July 4, 2026 · 7 min read · 25 ranked

How this ranking works

This ranking uses the Legislative Effectiveness Score (LES) system built by the Center for Effective Lawmaking (CEL), the joint academic project of Vanderbilt University and the University of Virginia's Frank Batten School directed by Craig Volden and Alan Wiseman. The latest scored Congress is the 118th (January 2023 to January 2025); CEL released those scores on March 24, 2025. The LES combines fifteen metrics covering every bill a member sponsors, how substantive it is, and how far it travels: committee action, House passage, enactment. The chamber average is normalized to 1.0. Because majority status inflates raw scores, CEL publishes ranked top-ten tables within each party, and this report preserves that structure (CEL, 118th Congress Highlights, 2025).

The roster is fixed to July 2026. Every member listed was verified as a sitting member of the 119th Congress in July 2026 against GovTrack's live congressional roster; four top-ten scorers from the 118th Congress who no longer serve (Cathy McMorris Rodgers, John Curtis, Marcus Molinaro, and the late Sheila Jackson Lee) are discussed in the narrative but not ranked. The rank order interleaves the two parties by CEL published party rank, then by CEL recognition category (Exceeds Expectations streaks, policy-area leadership, freshman honors). The score column is a separate hard count: sponsored bills that became law in the 118th Congress, including via incorporation into other enacted measures, as computed by GovTrack's 2024 Report Cards. The bottom five are current members whose 118th record shows zero sponsored bills enacted by that same GovTrack count, ordered by fewest bills introduced.

The framework pays no attention to party, ideology, floor speeches, or cable bookings. It does not measure oversight, constituent service, or committee interrogations. It measures whether a member's own bills move. Where that ruler flatters a member you dislike or embarrasses one you admire, the discomfort belongs to the reader, not the data.

RankNameScore
1Sam GravesRepublican, MO-6, Transportation and Infrastructure chairThe most effective lawmaker of the 118th Congress, with an LES of 6.793, nearly seven times the House average; he sponsored 17 bills, moved 8 through the House, and put 4 into law as standalone measures (Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025; Office of Rep. Graves, 2025).5
2Joaquin CastroDemocrat, TX-20The most effective House Democrat of the 118th Congress while serving in the minority, with 34 bills introduced and 4 enacted counting incorporated language (Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).4
3Don BaconRepublican, NE-2, retiring in January 2027Second-ranked Republican with an LES of 6.001, the most laws enacted of any member on this list at 9, and CEL's designation as the most effective Republican in the Defense policy area and the House leader at getting standalone bills folded into other members' laws (Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025; Office of Rep. Bacon, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).9
4Joe NeguseDemocrat, CO-2Second among House Democrats and seventh overall in the chamber despite minority status, with 108 bills introduced and 8 enacted counting incorporation, the highest Democratic output on this list (Office of Rep. Neguse, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).8
5Tom ColeRepublican, OK-4, Appropriations chairThird-ranked Republican with an LES of 5.414 and 6 sponsored bills reaching enactment, built across a career that now spans Rules and Appropriations chairmanships (Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).6
6Dina TitusDemocrat, NV-1Third among House Democrats on the strength of bills that advanced through committee and floor stages; GovTrack's stricter enactment counter credits her with zero laws in the 118th, a gap between the two instruments this report leaves visible rather than papering over (Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).0
7Mike LawlerRepublican, NY-17Sixth-ranked Republican with an LES of 4.152 and CEL's most effective freshman lawmaker of the 118th Congress, with 68 bills introduced and 3 enacted (Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025; Office of Rep. Lawler, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).3
8Steve CohenDemocrat, TN-9Fifth most effective House Democrat of the 118th Congress, a rank his office attributes to persistent reintroduction of judiciary and transportation measures until they move (Office of Rep. Cohen, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).2
9Young KimRepublican, CA-40Eighth-ranked Republican with an LES of 3.915 as a subcommittee chair; 16 of her 39 introduced bills got past committee to the floor, among the highest advancement rates in the chamber (Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).1
10French HillRepublican, AR-2, Financial Services chairNinth-ranked Republican with an LES of 3.866 and 5 bills enacted counting incorporation, much of it financial services language carried on larger vehicles (Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).5
11Jason SmithRepublican, MO-8, Ways and Means chairTenth-ranked Republican with an LES of 3.705 while chairing Ways and Means, the committee with jurisdiction over taxes, trade, and Social Security (Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).2
12Lucy McBathDemocrat, GA-6Ranked in the top ten most effective House Democrats of the 118th Congress, with juvenile justice and family policy measures reaching enactment (Office of Rep. McBath, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).2
13Jill TokudaDemocrat, HI-2A top-ten House Democrat in her first term: 30 bills introduced, 3 passed the House, 2 became law, an unusually productive freshman record for a minority-party member (Office of Rep. Tokuda, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).2
14Eleanor Holmes NortonDemocrat, Delegate, District of ColumbiaTenth most effective House Democrat of the 118th Congress and a holder of one of the longest running Exceeds Expectations streaks in CEL's data, achieved without a floor vote of her own (Office of Del. Norton, 2025; Washington Informer, 2025).0
15Chris SmithRepublican, NJ-4One of only three members CEL flagged for the longest standing records of exceeding expectations, alongside the late Sheila Jackson Lee and Del. Norton, across a career of human rights and health legislation (Washington Informer, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).3
16Buddy CarterRepublican, GA-1Recognized by CEL for exceeding expectations in the 118th Congress, extending a streak his office counts at ten consecutive years (Office of Rep. Carter, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).3
17Gregory MeeksDemocrat, NY-5, Foreign Affairs ranking memberSpotlighted in CEL's 118th Congress report for advancing impactful legislation despite partisan gridlock, with a portfolio centered on foreign affairs and economic inclusion (Washington Informer, 2025).0
18Danny DavisDemocrat, IL-7Named by CEL the most effective Democratic House member in the welfare policy area for the 118th Congress (Office of Rep. Davis, 2025).0
19Jen KiggansRepublican, VA-2Named among the top five freshman lawmakers exceeding expectations in the 118th Congress, with 2 sponsored bills enacted (Office of Rep. Kiggans, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).2
20Gabe VasquezDemocrat, NM-2Rated as exceeding expectations in his freshman term, a benchmark CEL sets at outperforming the score predicted for a member's seniority and position by 50 percent or more (CEL, 118th Congress Highlights, 2025).0
21Al GreenDemocrat, TX-9 (bottom five)Introduced 47 bills and resolutions in the 118th Congress, the most of the bottom five, with zero reaching enactment even counting incorporated language (GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).0
22Thomas MassieRepublican, KY-4 (bottom five)Introduced 25 bills, moved 8 past committee to the floor, and enacted zero, a record consistent with his stated preference for blocking legislation rather than passing it (GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).0
23Jesus (Chuy) GarciaDemocrat, IL-4 (bottom five)Introduced 11 bills and resolutions in the 118th Congress with zero enacted (GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).0
24Alexandria Ocasio-CortezDemocrat, NY-14 (bottom five)Introduced 11 bills and resolutions, one of which got past committee to the floor, with zero enacted; her cosponsorship record was also among the most partisan measured, with 6 percent of cosponsored bills coming from non-Democrats (GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards).0
25Jim JordanRepublican, OH-4, Judiciary chair (bottom five)The lowest lawmaking output among current members examined: 4 bills introduced and zero enacted across the full Congress, while holding a committee chairmanship, the position CEL finds most predictive of high scores (GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards; CEL, 118th Congress Highlights, 2025).0

Legislative Effectiveness Scores, current Republican members from CEL's 118th Congress top ten

LES (chamber average = 1.0)
Graves 6.793Bacon 6.001Cole 5.414Lawler 4.152Kim 3.915Hill 3.866J. Smith 3.705

One ruler for 435 members

The Legislative Effectiveness Score is the closest thing to a batting average that exists for the House. It counts a member's own bills, weights them by substance, and tracks them through committee, the floor, and the president's desk. Fifteen metrics, one number, chamber average normalized to 1.0 (CEL, 118th Congress Highlights, 2025). It does not count viral hearing clips. It does not count fundraising emails. A member who dominates every news cycle and enacts nothing scores near zero, and several do.

This report applies one filter to that data: the member must still hold a House seat in July 2026. Every name above was checked against GovTrack's live roster of the 119th Congress. That filter matters more than usual this cycle. The House carried multiple vacancies into the summer of 2026, including seats left by the deaths of Doug LaMalfa and David Scott and the resignations of Eric Swalwell, Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick, and Tony Gonzales (Ballotpedia, Special Elections to the 119th Congress, 2026). None of those vacancies touched the members ranked here.

What the top of the table shows

Sam Graves posted an LES of 6.793, nearly seven times the chamber average. The mechanics were unglamorous: 17 sponsored bills, 8 passed the House, 4 signed as standalone law, including major transportation measures moved through the committee he chairs (Office of Rep. Graves, 2025). Don Bacon's 6.001 came with a different signature. CEL rated him the single best member of the House at getting his standalone bills substantially incorporated into other members' laws, which is how most lawmaking actually finishes now (Office of Rep. Bacon, 2025). GovTrack's incorporation-inclusive counter credits Bacon with 9 enacted bills, the most of anyone on this list.

The Democratic side of the table was built entirely in the minority, which makes it more impressive, not less. CEL's data shows majority-party members outscore minority members on average in every Congress, yet Joaquin Castro, Joe Neguse, and Dina Titus all cleared the top of their party, and Neguse reached seventh in the whole chamber with 108 introduced bills and 8 enactments (Office of Rep. Neguse, 2025; GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards). CEL also found that women in the House minority were among the most effective members of their party, a finding McBath, Tokuda, Titus, and Norton illustrate by name (CEL, 118th Congress Highlights, 2025).

The talent drain the ranking cannot show

Four of the twenty highest-rated performers of the 118th Congress are gone, and the ranking above is weaker for it. Cathy McMorris Rodgers, the fourth-ranked Republican with an LES of 4.924, retired. John Curtis, fifth at 4.293, moved to the Senate. Marcus Molinaro, seventh at 3.951, lost his seat in 2024. Sheila Jackson Lee, who held one of the longest Exceeds Expectations streaks ever measured, died in July 2024 (CEL, 118th Congress Highlights, 2025; Washington Informer, 2025). CEL flagged this pattern explicitly: the members who know how to pass laws keep leaving, through retirement, ambition, or death, and the chamber's lawmaking capacity leaves with them. The 119th Congress will get its own scores in 2027. The open question is who fills the vacuum.

What zero means, and what it does not

The bottom five are current members whose 118th Congress record shows zero sponsored bills becoming law by GovTrack's count, which includes language incorporated into other measures. Within that group, the ranking runs by raw output: Al Green introduced 47 bills that went nowhere, Jim Jordan introduced 4. Jordan's case is the starkest in the data because he chaired the Judiciary Committee, and committee chairs are structurally positioned to convert bills into law at the highest rate in the chamber (GovTrack, 2024 Report Cards; CEL, 118th Congress Highlights, 2025).

Honesty requires the other side of that coin. CEL's own methodology notes that a low score does not automatically mean a bad legislator; some members define their job as oversight, constituent service, or stopping bills, none of which this instrument measures. Thomas Massie enacts nothing by design. The scoreboard does not care about the design. It records what passed. Note also that the two instruments disagree at the margins: Titus, Norton, Meeks, and Davis earn strong CEL marks from bills that advanced without finishing, while GovTrack's stricter enactment counter shows zero. Both numbers are printed here because both are true.

Sponsored bills enacted in the 118th Congress, including incorporation (GovTrack)

laws
Bacon 9Neguse 8Cole 6Graves 5Hill 5Castro 4Lawler 3C. Smith 3Carter 3

Bills introduced with zero enacted, 118th Congress, the bottom five

bills introduced
Green 47Massie 25Garcia 11Ocasio-Cortez 11Jordan 4

What the evidence settles

The evidence settles that lawmaking effectiveness in the current House is concentrated, measurable, and bipartisan. Sam Graves was the most effective member of the latest scored Congress by a wide margin, minority-party Democrats like Castro and Neguse rank near the top of the whole chamber, and effectiveness correlates with committee position and coalition building rather than with fame. It is also settled that several of the most famous members of the House converted an entire two-year Congress into zero enacted laws.

What remains contested

What remains contested is whether the LES and laws-enacted counts capture the whole job. Defenders of low-scoring members argue, with some force, that oversight, constituent service, and blocking bad bills are legitimate legislative work that no bill-tracking metric records, and CEL itself cautions against reading a low score as proof of ineffectiveness. Cross-party comparison is also contested because majority status inflates raw scores, which is why this report interleaves CEL's within-party ranks instead of pretending a single cross-party scale exists. Finally, the 118th Congress scores describe 2023 to 2025 performance; members' 119th Congress records will not be scored until 2027.

Questions people ask

Who is the most effective member of the House right now?

By the Center for Effective Lawmaking's latest scores, covering the 118th Congress, Rep. Sam Graves of Missouri was the most effective member of the House, with a score nearly seven times the chamber average. The 119th Congress will not be scored until 2027.

Why do some highly ranked members show zero laws enacted?

CEL's score rewards bills for advancing through committee and the floor even if they never become law, while GovTrack's laws-enacted count only credits final enactment. Members like Dina Titus and Del. Norton score high on advancement while showing zero on the stricter enactment counter. This report prints both numbers.

Does a low effectiveness score mean a member is bad at their job?

Not automatically. The instrument measures bill advancement only. It does not measure oversight, constituent service, or blocking legislation, and CEL itself warns against overreading low scores. It does establish that the member enacted little or nothing, which voters can weigh however they choose.

Were these members verified as still serving?

Yes. Every ranked member was checked against GovTrack's live roster of the 119th Congress in July 2026. Four top scorers from the 118th Congress who have since left the House are discussed in the narrative but excluded from the ranking.

Sources

  1. Center for Effective Lawmaking, Highlights from the New 118th Congress Legislative Effectiveness Scores, March 2025 https://thelawmakers.org/legislative-effectiveness-scores/highlights-from-the-new-118th-congress-legislative-effectiveness-scores
  2. Center for Effective Lawmaking, 118th Congress Highlights report with top-ten LES tables (PDF), March 24, 2025 https://lawler.house.gov/uploadedfiles/118th_highlights_final_03_24_2025.pdf
  3. UVA Frank Batten School, Legislative Effectiveness Scores for 118th Congress Highlight the Keys to Successful Lawmaking, 2025 https://batten.virginia.edu/about/news/legislative-effectiveness-scores-118th-congress-highlight-keys-successful-lawmaking
  4. Office of Rep. Sam Graves, Graves Named Most Effective Legislator of 118th Congress, 2025 https://graves.house.gov/media/press-releases/graves-named-most-effective-legislator-118th-congress
  5. Office of Rep. Don Bacon, Bacon Named One of Most Effective Lawmakers in 118th Congress, 2025 https://bacon.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=2829
  6. Office of Rep. Joe Neguse, Neguse Ranked Most Effective Colorado Lawmaker by Center for Effective Lawmaking, 2025 https://neguse.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-neguse-ranked-most-effective-colorado-lawmaker-center-effective-lawmaking
  7. Office of Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, Norton Ranked in Top 10 Most Effective House Democrats of 118th Congress, 2025 https://norton.house.gov/media/press-releases/norton-ranked-top-10-most-effective-house-democrats-118th-congress-center
  8. Office of Rep. Jill Tokuda, Rep. Tokuda Recognized as One of the Most Effective Lawmakers in the 118th Congress, 2025 https://tokuda.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-tokuda-recognized-as-one-of-the-most-effective-lawmakers-in-the-118th-congress
  9. Office of Rep. Steve Cohen, Congressman Cohen Named Fifth Most Effective Democratic Lawmaker, 2025 https://cohen.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congressman-cohen-named-fifth-most-effective-democratic-lawmaker
  10. GovTrack.us, 2024 Report Cards, All Representatives, Laws Enacted (118th Congress) https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/report-cards/2024/house/bills-enacted
  11. The Washington Informer, Center for Effective Lawmaking Names Most Effective Lawmakers, March 25, 2025 https://www.washingtoninformer.com/effective-lawmakers-congress/
  12. Ballotpedia, Special Elections to the 119th United States Congress (2025-2026) https://ballotpedia.org/Special_elections_to_the_119th_United_States_Congress_(2025-2026)
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